Rice remains from the site are limited and lack the evidence for morphological domestication processes available from later sites 3, 4. However, these earliest phases of the domestication have remained controversial, with debate surrounding whether Shangshan represented pre-domestication cultivation or wild gathering of rice and where on the trajectory towards rice domestication it lies 7, 8. ![]() One site which has been extensively discussed in this regard, is the archaeological site of Shangshan, which has evidence for rice exploitation dating between 11.0 and 9.0 kyBP 1, 5, 6. Recent research has indicated that rice domestication was the result of a protracted evolutionary process in which domesticated rice morphology and economies based on rice cultivation were fully in place only between 6,500 and 6,000 years ago 1, 3, but the slow rate of evolutionary change during rice domestication indicates that the beginnings of the process began 3,000 to 4,000 years earlier 4. ![]() ![]() ![]() Rice ( Oryza sativa) is widely regarded as a key domesticated species from the Yangtze River basin in China, and the primary basis of the first agricultural economies in the region 1, 2.
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